Exploring the perceived effects of Destructive Leadership on employees' psychological empowerment: An Azerbaijan retail context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v11i3.1559Keywords:
Azerbaijan Retail Context, Psychological Empowerment, Sustainable Development, LeadershipAbstract
Azerbaijan's dynamic and diverse retail landscape is driving an escalating demand for motivated personnel, both locally and globally, to address sustainable development requirements. In competitive and demanding retail environments, the success of organizations can rely on confident, skilled, motivated, and informed employees to meet challenging business demands and inclusive growth. As Azerbaijan's retail competitive edge continues to expand, there is a heightened need for effective employer-employee interactions and strategic human capital to navigate intricate organizational hurdles. The targeted population for this study included current retail employees, and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 participants from 15 different retail service organizations were conducted. Hence, this research study addresses a crucial gap in leadership literature by examining the interplay between destructive leadership and employees' psychological empowerment, encompassing dimensions like meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, and impact. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study delves into the real-life experiences of employees within the Azerbaijani retail sector. The study concludes that destructive leadership can significantly hamper employees' psychological empowerment, resulting in negative impacts on their work role orientation, engagement, productivity, and commitment.
References
Aasland, M., Einarsen, S., Hetland, J., Matthiesen, S. B., Nielsen, M. B., & Skogstad, A. (2014). The relative effects of constructive, laisses-faire, and tyrannical leadership on subordinate job satisfaction: Results from two prospective and representative studies. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie, 222(4), 221–232. https://doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000189 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000189
Abdullatif, T., Johari, H., & Adnan, Z. (2016). The impact of psychological empowerment on innovative work behavior moderated by quality culture. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(7), 126–131.
Ahuja, J., Puppala, H., Sergio, R. P., & Hoffman, E. P. (2023). E-leadership is un(usual): Multi-criteria analysis of critical success factors for the transition from leadership to E-leadership. Sustainability, 15(8), 6506. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086506
AlMazrouei, H., & Zacca, R. (2021). The influence of organizational justice and decision latitude on expatriate organizational commitment and job performance. Evidence-Based HRM, 9(4), 338-353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-06-2020-0093 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-06-2020-0093
Boudrias, J., Morin, A. S., & Lajoie, D. (2014). Directionality of the associations between psychological empowerment and behavioural involvement: A longitudinal autoregressive cross-lagged analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(3), 437–463. https://doi:10.1111/joop.12056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12056
Çekmecelioğlu, H.G., & Özbağ, G. (2014). Linking psychological empowerment, individual creativity, and firm innovativeness: A research on Turkish manufacturing industry. Business Management Dynamics, 3(10), 1–13.
Chénard-Poirier, L. A., Morin Alexandre, J. S., Boudrias Jean-Sébastien, & Gillet, N. (2022). The combined effects of destructive and constructive leadership on thriving at work and behavioral empowerment. Journal of Business and Psychology, 37(1), 173-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09734-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09734-7
Cheng, P., Liu, Z., & Zhou, L. (2023). Transformational leadership and emotional labor: The mediation effects of psychological empowerment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021030
Creswell, J. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Dabke, D. (2016). Impact of leader's emotional intelligence and transformational behavior on perceived leadership effectiveness: A multi-source view. Business Perspective & Research, 4(1), 27–40. https://doi:10.1177/2278533715605433 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533715605433
Den Hartog, D., & Belschak, F. D. (2012). Work engagement and Machiavellianism in the ethical leadership process. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(1), 35–47. https://doi:10.1007/s10551-012-12964 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1296-4
Dinh, J., Lord, R.G., Garnder, W.C., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C., & Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 36–62. https://doi:/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.005
Elbers, A., Kolominski, S., & Pablo Salvador, B. A. (2023). Coping with dark leadership: Examination of the impact of psychological capital on the relationship between dark leaders and employees' basic need satisfaction in the workplace. Administrative Sciences, 13(4), 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13040096 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13040096
Erdal, N., & Budak, O. (2021). The mediating role of organizational trust in the effect of toxic leadership on job satisfaction. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10(3), 139-155. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i3.1144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i3.1144
Faccia, A., Corlise Liesl, L.R. & Pandey, V. (2023). "Innovation and E-Commerce Models, the Technology Catalysts for Sustainable Development: The Emirate of Dubai Case Study", Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 3419. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043419 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043419
Hadi Dhafer, H. K., & Radwan, O. A. (2023). The influence of psychological capital on individual's social responsibility through the pivotal role of psychological empowerment: A study towards a sustainable workplace environment. Sustainability, 15(3), 2720. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032720 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032720
Hanan, S. A., Zacca, R., & Alfayez, N. (2020). The impact of team potency and leadership member exchange on expatriate creative work involvement. Journal of Global Mobility, 8(3), 309-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JGM-04-2020-0023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-04-2020-0023
Handayani, T., Gian, M., & Kruger, N. (2022). The influence of product creativity on competitive advantage. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 9(5), 741–748. https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v9i5.1057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v9i5.1057
Hasanov, R., & Aghayeva, K. (2023). New methods of employee motivation in digital economy in the banking industry in Azerbaijan. [Azerbaycan bankacilik sektöründe dijital ekonomide çalişan motivasyonunun yeni yöntemleri] turan: Stratejik Arastirmalar Merkezi, Suppl. Special Issue, 15, 478-491. https://doi.org/10.15189/1308-8041
Hoffman, E. P., & Sergio, R. P. (2020). Understanding the effects of toxic leadership on expatriates' readiness for innovation: An Uzbekistan case. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 7(1), 26-38. https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v7i1.360 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v7i1.360
Hummer, D. (2016). Organizational climate and culture: An introduction to theory, research, and practice. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 27(2), 297–301. https://doi:10.1002/hrdq.21246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21246
Lu, L., Lu, A.C., Gursoy, D., & Neale, N.R. (2016). Work engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Management, 28(4), 737–761. https://doi:10.1108/IJCHM-07-2014-0360 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2014-0360
Maher, S., Baloch, Q. B., & Shah, S. N. (2021). Phenomenon of destructive leadership: Exploring predictors. Journal of Business & Economics, 13(1), 44-58. https://doi.org/10.5311/JBE.2021.26.6
Maria, F. B. (2021). How contextual is destructive leadership? A comparison of how destructive leadership is perceived in usual circumstances versus crisis. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(1), 220-239. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-11-2019-1924 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-11-2019-1924
Masimov, F., & Aghayeva, K. (2023). Major shifts in the focus of CSR initiatives following covid-19 in Azerbaijan. [Azerbaycan'da covid-19'un ardindan kss girişimlerinin odakindaki büyük deǧişiklikler] turan: Stratejik Arastirmalar Merkezi, Suppl. Special Issue, 15, 422-435. https://doi.org/10.15189/1308-8041
Mehta, S., & Maheshwari, G. (2013). Consequence of toxic leadership on employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Contemporary Management Research, 8(2), 1–23.
Md, K. R., Ahmad, E. M., Ataul, K. P., Tan, F. Y., & Osman, S. Z. (2023). Linking human resources practices to employee engagement in the hospitality industry: The mediating influences of psychological safety, availability, and meaningfulness. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 32(2), 223-240. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-12-2020-0347 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-12-2020-0347
Miles, M., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2013). Qualitative Data Analysis (3 ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Mirzayev, K. (2023). Learning the strategic intelligence model and management control systems for dynamic decision making, evidence from Azerbaijan. [Dinamik karar verme için stratejik zeka modeli ve yönetim kontrol sistemlerini öǧrenmek, azerbaycan'dan delil] turan: Stratejik Arastirmalar Merkezi, Suppl. Special Issue, 15, 411-421. https://doi.org/10.15189/1308-8041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15189/1308-8041
Nouf Nasser Al-Tamimi, & Shifan, T. A. (2023). Towards smooth transition: Enhancing participation of expatriates in academic context. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1)https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2185986 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2185986
Omer, M. M., Adeeq Mohd-Ezazee, N.M., Lee, Y. S., Mohammad, S. R., & Rahman, R. A. (2022). Constructive and destructive leadership behaviors, skills, styles, and traits in BIM-based construction projects. Buildings, 12(12), 2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122068
Özcan, H. M., & Özdemir, B. (2022). Perceived ethical leadership's moderating role in psychological empowerment's effect on psychological ownership: A banking sector study. Is Ahlakı Dergisi, 15(1), 173-183. https://doi.org/10.12711/tjbe/m2903
Paliga, M., Kożusznik, B., Pollak, A., & Sanecka, E. (2022). The relationships of psychological capital and influence regulation with job satisfaction and job performance. PLoS One, 17(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272412
Pandithasekara, D. N., Erabaddage Ayoma, G. S., & Áron Perényi. (2023). Exploring the impact of sustainability control systems on employees' green creativity: The mediating role of psychological empowerment and sustainability learning capabilities. Sustainability, 15(6), 4806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064806 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064806
Paola, O. P., Coello-Montecel, D., & Tello, M. (2023). Psychological empowerment and job performance: Examining serial mediation effects of self-efficacy and affective commitment. Administrative Sciences, 13(3), 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13030076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13030076
Phairat, P., & Potipiroon, W. (2022). High performance work systems and innovative work behavior among telecom employees: The roles of organizational climate for innovation and psychological empowerment. ABAC Journal, 42(3), 214-231. https://doi.org/10.14456/abacj.2022.30
Punch, K. (2014). Introduction to Social Research: Qualitative & Quantitative Approaches (3 ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pürhani, S., Guliyeva, S., Teymurova, V., Guliyeva, N., & Gahramanova, S. (2022). Human capital as a driver of sustainable development in Azerbaijan. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 9(6), 927–937. https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v9i6.1199 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v9i6.1199
Schyns, B., & Schilling, J. (2013). How bad are the effects of bad leaders? A meta-analysis of destructive leadership and its outcomes. Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 138–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.09.001
Seibert, S., Wang, G., & Courtright, S. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(5), 981–1003. https://doi:10.1037/a0022676 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022676
Shen, M. (2023). Self-leadership and employees' contextual performance: The roles of psychological empowerment and impression management motives. Social Behavior and Personality, 51(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.12107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.12107
Shin, Y., Kim, M.S., Sung, S. Y., & Choi, J. N. (2015). Top management ethical leadership and firm performance: Mediating role of ethical and procedural justice climate. J Bus Ethics, 129(1), 43–57. https://doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2144-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2144-5
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995b). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Construct definition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1442–1465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/256865
Thanh Nguyen, L., Tat, T. D., & Dang, M. H. (2023). The impacts of organizational culture on the organizational commitment: A case study of Vinaphone's business centers in Southwest Vietnam. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 10(2), 213–226. https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v10i2.976 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v10i2.976
Thomas, K., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An interpretive model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 666–681. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1990.4310926
Thoroughgood, C. N., Sawyer, K. B., Padilla, A., & Lunsford, L. (2018). Destructive Leadership: A Critique of Leader-Centric Perspectives and Toward a More Holistic Definition. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(3), 627–649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3257-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3257-9
Tufford, L., & Newman, P. (2012). Bracketing in qualitative research. Qualitative Social Work, 11(1), 80–96. https://doi:10.1177/1473325010368316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325010368316
Valk, R. & Yousif, L. (2023). "Going beyond to deliver hip hospitality": exploring motivation and job satisfaction of hospitality workers in Dubai", International Journal of Organizational Analysis, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 293-316. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-12-2020-2517 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-12-2020-2517
Wu, M., Wang, R., Wang, H., & Estay, C. (2022). The formation mechanism of destructive leadership behavior: From the perspective of moral deconstruction process. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 43(5), 750-772. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2020-0433 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2020-0433
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ettiene Paul Hoffman, Rommel Pilapil Sergio, Zakariya Chabani, Jaya Ajuha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The JEECAR journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright and publishing rights of their own manuscript without restrictions.
This journal applies the Creative Attribution Common License to works we publish, and allows reuse and remixing of its content, in accordance with a CC-BY 4.0 license.
Authors are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — The author may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
The JEECAR Journal is committed to the editorial principles of all aspects of publication ethics and publication malpractice as assigned by the Committee on Public Ethics.