Professional prestige, status, and esteem of educational occupation in Kazakhstan: temporal, regional and gender analysis of payroll data

Authors

  • Dr. Kuanysh Tastanbekova University of Tsukuba

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v7i2.345

Keywords:

Kazakhstan, Central Asia, educational occupation, payroll, employment, the gender pay gap.

Abstract

Since gaining independence after the dissolution of the USSR, the education system in Kazakhstan has undergone significant reformations. Retention of highly qualified teachers is crucial for successful reforms. However, educational occupation that employs almost one million people, the majority of the workforce (26.5%) in the economy, is one of the lowest paying sectors. Low pay causes unpopularity of teaching profession among youth, aging and high feminization of the personnel, harms prestige, status and esteem of teachers and thus intensifies turnover and makes retention of qualified teachers a difficult task. This study proposes to use temporal, spatial and gender three-tiers payroll data to analyze prestige, status, and esteem of educational occupation in Kazakhstan. It argues that while improving a social package is important, fundamental reforms of the payment system in education are likely to be the most effective measure to improve the prestige and status of teachers.

Author Biography

Dr. Kuanysh Tastanbekova, University of Tsukuba

Faculty of Human Sciences, assistant professor

References

Akhmetov, A. (2017). Testing the presence of the Dutch disease in Kazakhstan, MPRA Paper no. 77936.

Association of Higher Education Entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2019). Rectors. Retrieved from http://www.edurk.kz/ru/348-_jektora.html

Cherif, R. (2013). The Dutch disease and the technological gap. Journal of Development Economics, 101, 248–255. doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.10.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.10.010

Cockx, L., & Francken, N. (2016). Natural resources: A curse on education spending? Energy Policy, 92, 394–408. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2016.02.027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.02.027

Committee on Statistics of Ministry of National Economy of the Republic Kazakhstan (2019). Official web site, Official statistical information. Retrieved from http://stat.gov.kz

Esanov, A. (2006). The growth-poverty nexus: Evidence from Kazakhstan, ADB Institute discussion Paper ? 51. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11540/3639

Harris-Van Keuren, C. (2011). Influencing status of teaching in Central Asia. In I. Silova (Ed.), Globalization on the margins. Education and postsocialist transformations in Central Asia (pp. 173–201). Charlotte, NC: Information Age, Inc.

Hoyle, E. (2001). Teaching: Prestige, status and esteem. Educational Management and Administration, 29(2), 139–152. doi: 10.1177/0263211X010292001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X010292001

Irsaliyev, S. A., Kamzoldayev, M. B., Tashibayev, D. N., & Kopeyeva, A. T. (2019). Teachers of Kazakhstan: Why do young people choose this occupation and what motivates them to stay? Retrieved from https://beles-cas.kz/images/teacher.pdf. Beles Center for Strategy and Analysis.

KazInform (2019), Head of State signs law on status of teacher. Retrieved from https://www.inform.kz/en/head-of-state-signs-law-on-status-of-teacher_a3599822

Korotkikh, E. G. (2016). Prestige of teacher: Improve or win back? Open school.1(52). Retrieved from http://www.open-school.kz/glavstr/tema_nomera/tema_nomera_152_3.htm) (Original work written in Russian).

Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On status of teacher”. Retrieved from http://edupvl.gov.kz/files/files/kontseptsiya-proekta-zakona-respubliki-kazakhstan-o-statuse-pedagoga-ru.pdf (Original work written in Russian).

Oka, N. (2013). Everyday corruption in Kazakhstan: An ethnographic analysis of informal practices, Interim report for Exploring Informal Networks in Kazakhstan: A Multidimensional Approach, IDE-JETRO. Retrieved from https://www.ide.go.jp/library/Japanese/Publish/Download/Report/2012/pdf/C24_ch1.pdf

Oka, N. (2018). Grades and degrees for sale: Understanding informal exchange in Kazakhstan’s education sector. Problems of Post-Communism, 1–13. doi: 10.1080/10758216.2018.1468269 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2018.1468269

Ross, M. (2009). Does oil wealth hurt women? A reply to Caraway, Charrad, Kang, & Norris. Politics and Gender, 5(4), 575–582. doi: 10.1017/S1743923X09990390 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X09990390

Ross, M. (2012). The oil curse: How petroleum wealth shapes the development of nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400841929

Silova, I. (2009). The crisis of the post-Soviet teaching profession in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Research in Comparative and International Education, 4(4), 366–383. doi: 10.2304/rcie.2009.4.4.366 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2009.4.4.366

Steiner-Khamsi, G. (2016). Teach or perish: The Stavka system and its impact on the quality of instruction. Voprosy obrazovaniya/education studies, 2, 14–39. doi: 10.17323/1814-9545-2016-2-14-39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/1814-9545-2016-2-14-39

Steiner-Khamsi, G., Harris-Van Keuren, C., Silova, I., & Chachkhiani, K. (2008). UNESCO global monitoring report 2009 background paper: Decentralization and recentralization reforms: Their impact on teacher salaries in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Mongolia, June 1. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Iveta_Silova/publication/265413770_Background_paper_prepared_for_the_Education_for_All_Global_Monitoring_Report_2009_Decentralization_and_Recentralization_Reforms_Their_Impact_on_Teacher_Salaries_in_the_Caucasus_Central_Asia_and_Mongol/links/540e525c0cf2df04e756d093/Background-paper-prepared-for-the-Education-for-All-Global-Monitoring-Report-2009-Decentralization-and-Recentralization-Reforms-Their-Impact-on-Teacher-Salaries-in-the-Caucasus-Central-Asia-and-Mong.pdf

Symeonidis, V. (2015). The status of teachers and the teaching professions. A study of education unions’ perspectives. Education International. Retrieved from https://download.ei-ie.org/Docs/WebDepot/The%20Status%20of%20Teachers%20and%20the%20Teaching%20Profession.pdf

Tastanbekova, K. (2018). Teacher education reforms in Kazakhstan: Trends and issues. Bulletin of Institute of Education. Tsukuba: University of Tsukuba, 42(2), 87–97.

Valitova, Z. H., Yessimova, A. B., Karipbayeva, B. I., Indjigolyan, A. A., & Kosherbayev, D. B. (2016). Hierarchy of occupations based on the opinion of pupils in Kazakhstan, Sociologicheskie issledovaniya. 1, 125–131. Retrieved from http://socis.isras.ru/files/File/2016/2016_1/125_131_Valitova.pdf) (Original work written in Russian).

World Bank Data Bank (2019a), Total natural resources rents (as % of GDP) – Kazakhstan. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.TOTL.RT.ZS?locations=KZ

World Bank Data Bank (2019b), Government expenditure on education, total (as % of GDP) – Kazakhstan. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=KZ

Published

2020-08-04

How to Cite

Tastanbekova, K. (2020). Professional prestige, status, and esteem of educational occupation in Kazakhstan: temporal, regional and gender analysis of payroll data. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 7(2), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v7i2.345